The defenders fled, but typically for the First World War, this didn’t yield a decisive result: The Germans were slow to follow up with infantry attacks, the gas dissipated, and the Allied defenses were restored. The first successful use of chemical weapons occurred on April 22, 1915, near Ypres, when the Germans sprayed chlorine gas from large cylinders towards trenches held by French colonial troops.
The Germans pioneered the large-scale use of chemical weapons with a gas attack on Russian positions on January 31, 1915, during the Battle of Bolimov, but low temperatures froze the poison (xylyl bromide) in the shells. Poison gas was used by both sides with devastating results during the Great War. Fototeca Storica Nazionale./GettyImages A platoon wearing gas masks during World War I.
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